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State Court Justice Project

State Supreme Courts



State Courts are the workhorses of our judicial system. Ninety-five percent of cases in the United States are filed in state courts. That’s more than 100 million cases every year. And, because of that, state courts across the country have an outsized impact on our rights.

When most people think about the courts, it conjures up images of state trial courts. These are the courts that are shown most on TV and in movies; they are the courts where trials happen. But it’s the state supreme courts are often the final arbitrators of our civil rights, and these courts deliver decisions every day that impact our daily lives, from the air we breathe and the power of our votes to our rights as workers and our children’s safety in schools. In fact, state constitutions often grant us more rights and protections than the federal Constitution. It’s more important than ever to know how the judges who serve on our states’ highest courts are selected.

High court selection processes can vary drastically from state to state – check out the chart below! And despite the vastly different selection methods, people in every state can influence who is chosen for those courts. Use the chart below to learn more about the state supreme courts and how to maximize your impact on those courts. And make sure you talk to your friends and family about your state court! Your communities should know they have power to stand up for their rights.

Click on the states in the map below to learn more.

  • Non-partisan election
  • Partisan election
  • Governor selection
  • Merit selection
  • Governor selection, then retention election
  • Legislative election

States to Keep an Eye On

The states below have an upcoming end of term on the court or are set to consider issues of national importance. This could mean a justice is retiring and voters will elect their replacement, there may be an open election for state supreme court, upcoming vacancies could impact the court’s majority, or that the court’s docket includes critical issues such as redistricting and voting rights. You’ll find an in-depth profile on the state including information on each justice, significant decisions by the Court, and what you need to know to shape your state supreme court.

Michigan

Ohio

North Carolina

New Jersey

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FAQ & Terminology

Learn more about how AFJ put together this tool, and what certain terms mean.

FAQs

State Details

State Number of Justices Dem Rep Ind Non Selection Method End of term
Alabama 9 Justices 9 Partisan election 2024
Justice Details
Greg Shaw R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2032
Greg Cook R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: Unknown
Tom Parker R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2024
Alisa Kelli Wise R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2034
Tommy Bryan R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2030
Sarah Stewart R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2036
William Sellers R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2036
Jay Mitchell R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2048
Brad Mendheim R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2038
Term Length 6 years
Selection Method Partisan election
Retention Method Partisan election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment + general election after one year in office
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Alaska 5 Justices 4 1 Merit selection 2023
Justice Details
Jennifer Stewart Henderson R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2045
Susan Carney I Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: 2032
Peter Maassen R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2025
Dario Borghesan R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2049
Daniel Winfree R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2023
Term Length 10 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from Commission + first general election after 3 years in office
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Split
State Senate Republican
Arizona 7 Justices 0 7 Merit selection 2024
Justice Details
Kathryn Hackett King R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: ~2050
Robert Brutinel R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2028
Ann Scott Timmer R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2030
Clint Bolick R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2027
John Lopez IV R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2038
Bill Montgomery R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2037
James Beene R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2035
Term Length 6 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from Commission + first general election after 2 years in office
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Arkansas 7 Justices 2 5 Non-partisan election 2024
Justice Details
John Dan Kemp R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2024
Robin Wynne R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2030
Courtney Hudson R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2050
Barbara Womack Webb R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2028
Shawn Womack R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2048
Karen Baker D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: 2038
Rhonda Wood R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: 2046
Term Length 8 years
Selection Method Non-partisan election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
California 7 Justices 6 1 Governor selection 2030
Justice Details
Goodwin Liu D Upcoming Contest: 2034 Retirement: N/A
Patricia Guerrero D Upcoming Contest: 2034 Retirement: N/A
Carol Coorigan R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Leondra Kruger D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Martin Jenkins D Upcoming Contest: 2034 Retirement: N/A
Joshua Groban D Upcoming Contest: 2034 Retirement: N/A
Kelli Evans D Upcoming Contest: 2034 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 12 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment + confirmation by commission on judicial appointments
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment + confirmation by Commission on judicial appointments
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Democratic
State Senate Democratic
Colorado 7 Justices 5 2 Merit selection 2024
Justice Details
Brian Boatright R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2034
Monica Marquez D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2041
Melissa Hart D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: ~2041
Maria Berkenkotter D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: ~2034
Richard Gabriel D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2034
William Hood D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2035
Carlos Armondo Samour R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: ~2038
Term Length 10 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + retention election in the next general election after 2 years on the bench
Governor Party D
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House D
State Senate D
Connecticut 7 Justices 7 Merit selection 2023
Justice Details
Richard Robinson D Upcoming Contest: 2023 Retirement: 2027
Andrew McDonald D Upcoming Contest: 2029 Retirement: 2036
Gregory D'Auria D Upcoming Contest: 2025 Retirement: 2033
Raheem Mullins D Upcoming Contest: 2025 Retirement: 2048
Maria Araujo Kahn D Upcoming Contest: 2025 Retirement: 2034
Steven Ecker D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2031
Joan K. Alexander D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: 2031
Term Length 10 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial nomination from commission recommendations + legislative appointment
Retention Method Governor renominates + legislature reappoints
Interim Vacancy Method Governor renominates + legislature reappoints
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Democratic
State Senate Democratic
Delaware 5 Justices 5 0 Merit selection 2026
Justice Details
Colin Seitz Jr. D Upcoming Contest: 2031 Retirement: N/A
Karen Valihura D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
James Vaughn D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
Gary Traynor D Upcoming Contest: 2029 Retirement: N/A
Tamika Montgomery-Reed D Upcoming Contest: 2031 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 12 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + senate consent
Retention Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + senate consent
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + senate consent
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2024
State House Democratic
State Senate Democratic
Florida 7 Justices 0 7 Merit selection 2024
Justice Details
Alan Lawson R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2036
Charles Canady R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2029
Ricky Polston R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2030
Jorge Labarga R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2027
Jamie Grosshans R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: ~2053
John Couriel R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2053
Carlos Muñiz R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2044
Term Length 6 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + retention election in the next general election 1 year after appointment
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Georgia 9 Justices 1 7 1 Non-partisan election 2024
Justice Details
Carla Wong McMillan R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Shawn Ellen LaGrua R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Michael Boggs D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Andrew Pinson R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Verda Colvin R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Nels S.D. Peterson R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Charlie Bethel R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
John Ellington I Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Sarah Warren R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 6 years
Selection Method Non-partisan election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + retention election in the next general election at least 6 months after appointment
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Hawai’i 5 Justices 4 1 Merit selection 2023
Justice Details
Mark Recktenwald R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2025
Paula Nakayama D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2023
Sabrina McKenna D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2027
Michael Wilson D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: ~2023
Todd Eddins D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: ~2034
Term Length 10 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + senate confirmation
Retention Method Nominating commission retains
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + senate confirmation
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House D
State Senate D
Idaho 5 Justices 0 5 Non-partisan election 2024
Justice Details
Colleen Zahn R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Gregory Moeller R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
John Stegner R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
G. Richard Bevan R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Robyn Brody R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 6 years
Selection Method Non-partisan election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + hold office for remainder of unexpired term
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Illinois 7 Justices 5 2 Partisan election 2024
Justice Details
Mary Jane Theis D Upcoming Contest: 2032 Retirement: N/A
Jay Cunningham D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
P. Scott Neville D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Mary Kay O'Brien D Upcoming Contest: 2032 Retirement: N/A
Elizabeth Rochford D Upcoming Contest: 2032 Retirement: N/A
David Overstreet R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Lisa Holder White R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 10 years
Selection Method Partisan election (uses judicial districts)
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Supreme Court appointment + retention election in the next general election at least 60 days after appointment
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Democratic
State Senate Democratic
Indiana 5 Justices 0 5 Merit selection 2024
Justice Details
Loretta Rush R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2033
Mark Massa R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2036
Derek Molter R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2057
Geoffrey Slaughter R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2037
Christopher Goff R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: 2047
Term Length 10 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + retention election in the next general election after 2 years on the bench
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2024
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Iowa 7 Justices 0 7 Merit selection 2024
Justice Details
David May R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2043
Matt McDermott R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2049
Dana Oxley R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2039
Thomas Waterman R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2031
Edward Mansfield R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2029
Susan Christensen R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2034
Christopher McDonald R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2046
Term Length 8 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + retention election in the next general election 1 year after appointment
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Kansas 7 Justices 5 2 Merit selection 2026
Justice Details
Eric Rosen D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2032
Evelyn Wilson D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2034
Caleb Stegall R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2046
Daniel Biles D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2028
Melissa Taylor Standridge D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2040
Marla Luckert R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2034
Kenyen Wall D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: ~2046
Term Length 6 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + retention election in the next general election 1 year after appointment
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Kentucky 7 Justices 2 4 1 Non-partisan election 2024
Justice Details
Christopher Shea Nickell D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Kelly Thompson R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Debra Hembree Lambert R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
Angela McCormick Bisig NP Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Laurance VanMeter R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Michelle Keller D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Robert Conley R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 8 years
Selection Method Non-partisan election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2023
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Louisiana 7 Justices 2 5 Partisan election 2024
Justice Details
James Genovese R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2026
Scott Crichton R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2024
Jay McCallum R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2036
Jefferson Hughes R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2028
John Weimer D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2032
Piper Griffin D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: 2040
William Crain R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2038
Term Length 10 years
Selection Method Partisan election (uses Judicial Districts)
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Special election
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2023
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Maine 7 Justices 6 1 Governor selection 2024
Justice Details
Andrew Mead D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Rick Lawrence D Upcoming Contest: 2029 Retirement: N/A
Joseph Jabar D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Thomas Humphrey R Upcoming Contest: 2029 Retirement: N/A
Andrew Horton D Upcoming Contest: 2027 Retirement: N/A
Catherine Connors D Upcoming Contest: 2027 Retirement: N/A
Valerie Stanfill D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 7 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment + senate confirmation
Retention Method Gubernatorial reappointment + senate confirmation
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment + senate confirmation
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Democratic
State Senate Democratic
Maryland 7 Justices 1 6 Merit selection 2024
Justice Details
Brynja McDivitt Booth R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: 2042
Angela Eaves R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2029
Matthew Fader R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2043
Jonathan Biran R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: ~2036
Michele Hotten R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2024
Shirley Marie Watts D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2029
Steven Gould R Upcoming Contest: 2032 Retirement: 2036
Term Length 10 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + senate confirmation
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + senate confirmation
Governor Party D
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House D
State Senate D
Massachusetts 7 Justices 0 6 1 Governor selection 2029
Justice Details
Kimberly Budd I Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2036
Frank Gaziano R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2033
David Lowy R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2030
Elspeth Cypher R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2029
Scott Kafker R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2029
Serge Georges Jr. R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: ~2039
Dalila Argaez Wendlandt R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: ~2038
Term Length Until age 70 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment + approval from governor's council
Retention Method N/A
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment + approval from governor's council
Governor Party D
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House D
State Senate D
Michigan 7 Justices 4 3 Non-partisan election 2024
Justice Details
David Viviano R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2048
Richard Bernstein D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: 2046
Kyra Harris Bolden D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: 2058
Elizabeth Clement R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2050
Brian Zahra R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2030
Elizabeth Welch D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2044
Megan Cavanagh D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2042
Term Length 8 years
Selection Method Partisan nomination; Non-partisan election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment + serve until the remainder of the unexpired term
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Democratic
State Senate Democratic
Minnesota 7 Justices 4 3 Non-partisan election 2024
Justice Details
Gordon Moore D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2033
Margaret Chutich D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2028
Barry Anderson R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2024
Anne McKeig R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2037
Natalie Hudson D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2027
Lorie Gildea R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2031
Paul Thissen D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2036
Term Length 6 years
Selection Method Non-partisan election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment + retention election in the next general election at least 1 year after appointment
Governor Party D
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House D
State Senate R
Mississippi 9 Justices 2 7 Non-partisan election 2024
Justice Details
Robert Chamberlin R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
T. Kenneth Griffis R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Leslie King D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Jim Kitchens D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
David Ishee R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Dawn Beam R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Mike Randolph R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Jimmy Maxwell R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Josiah Coleman R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 8 years
Selection Method Non-partisan election (uses Judicial Districts)
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment
Governor Party R
Gubernatiorial Race 2023
State House R
State Senate R
Missouri 7 Justices 3 4 Merit selection 2023
Justice Details
Zel Fischer R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2033
Robin Ransom R Upcoming Contest: 2034 Retirement: 2037
Paul Wilson D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2031
George Draper D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2023
Mary Rhodes Russell D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2028
Patricia Breckenridge R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2023
Wesley Brent Powell R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: 2040
Term Length 12 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + retention election in the next general election 1 year after appointment
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2024
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Montana 7 Justices 5 2 Non-partisan election 2024
Justice Details
James Rice R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Dirk Sandefur D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Beth Baker D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
Jim Shea D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Laurie McKinnon R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Ingrid Gustafson D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Mike McGrath D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 8 years
Selection Method Non-partisan election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment + senate confirmation
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2024
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Nebraska 7 Justices 1 6 Merit selection 2024
Justice Details
Michael Heavican R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Stephanie Stacy R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Lindsey Miller-Lerman D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
William Cassel R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Jonathan Papik R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Jeffrey Funke R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
John Fruedenberg R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 6 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + retention election in the next general election 3 years after appointment
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House N/A
State Senate Republican
Nevada 7 Justices 3 4 Non-partisan election 2024
Justice Details
Kris Pickering R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
Douglas Herndon R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
Linda Bell D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Ron Parraguirre R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Lidia Stiglich D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Elissa Cadish D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement:
Patricia Lee D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 6 years
Selection Method Non-partisan election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + re-election in the next general election
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Democratic
State Senate Democratic
New Hampshire 5 Justices 1 4 Merit selection 2023
Justice Details
Gary Hicks D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2023
James Bassett R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2026
Gordon MacDonald R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2031
Anna Barbara Hantz Marconi R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2026
Patrick E. Donovan R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2034
Term Length Until age 70 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + appointment from Executive Council
Retention Method N/A
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + appointment from Executive Council (Note: Council is publicly elected every 2 years)
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
New Jersey 7 Justices 4 2 Gubernatorial appointment 2027
Justice Details
Stuart Rabner D Upcoming Contest: Tenured Retirement: 2030
Rachel Wainer Apter D Upcoming Contest: 2029 Retirement: 2050
Douglas Fasciale D Upcoming Contest: 2029 Retirement: 2030
Anne Patterson R Upcoming Contest: Tenured Retirement: 2029
VACANCY Upcoming Contest: Retirement:
Lee Solomon R Upcoming Contest: Tenured Retirement: 2024
Fabiana Pierre-Louis D Upcoming Contest: 2027 Retirement: 2050
Term Length 7 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment + senate confirmation
Retention Method Gubernatorial reappointment + senate confirmation
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment + senate confirmation
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2025
State House Democratic
State Senate Democratic
New Mexico 5 Justices 5 0 Partisan election 2026
Justice Details
Briana Zamora D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Michael Vigil D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Shannon Bacon D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
David Thomson D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
Julie Vargas D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 8 years
Selection Method Partisan election
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Commission recommendations + retention election at next general election
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Democratic
State Senate Democratic
New York 7 Justices 5 1 Merit selection 2025
Justice Details
VACANCY N/A Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: N/A
Jenny Rivera D Upcoming Contest: 2027 Retirement: 2030
Madeline Singas D Upcoming Contest: 2035 Retirement: 2036
Shirley Troutman D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2030
Michael Garcia (interim Chief Justice) R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: 2031
Rowan Wilson D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2030
Anthony Cannataro D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2035
Term Length 14 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + senate confirmation
Retention Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + senate confirmation
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + senate confirmation
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Democratic
State Senate Democratic
North Carolina 7 Justices 2 5 Partisan election 2024
Justice Details
Paul Newby R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2027
Richard Deitz R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2049
Trey Allen R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2046
Michael Morgan D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2027
Anita Earls D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2032
Phil Berger Jr. R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2044
Tamara Barringer R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2031
Term Length 8 years
Selection Method Partisan election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment + re-election next general election more than 60 days after vacancy
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2024
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
North Dakota 5 Justices 5 Non-partisan election 2024
Justice Details
Jon Jay Jensen R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Daniel Crothers R Upcoming Contest: 2032 Retirement: N/A
Jerod Tufte R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
Lisa Fair McEvers R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Gerald VandeWalle R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 10 years
Selection Method Non-partisan election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + re-election in the next general election after 2 years
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2024
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Ohio 7 Justices 3 3 Partisan election 2024
Justice Details
Jennfier Brunner D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2032
Sharon Kennedy R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2032
Pat DeWine R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2040
Pat Fischer R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2028
Michael Donnelly D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2036
Melody Stewart D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2036
Joe Deters R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2027
Term Length 6 years
Selection Method Partisan election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment + election in the next general election held more than 40 days after vacancy
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Oklahoma 9 Justices 3 6 Merit selection 2024
Justice Details
Dustin Row R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
James Winchester R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
James Edmondson D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Yvonne Kauger D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Noma Gurich R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Douglas Combs D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Richard Darby R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
M. John Kane, IV R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
Dana Kuehn R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 6 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + retention election in the next general election
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Oregon 7 Justices 7 Non-partisan election 2024
Justice Details
Martha Walters D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2025
Thomas Balmer D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2027
Meagan Flynn D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2042
Adrienne Nelson D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2042
Roger DeHoog D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: ~2040
Rebecca Duncan D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2046
Chris Harrett D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2048
Term Length 6 years
Selection Method Non-partisan election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment + re-election next general election more than 60 days after vacancy
Governor Party Democrat
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Democrat
State Senate Democrat
Pennsylvania 7 Justices 4 2 Partisan election 2023
Justice Details
VACANCY N/A Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: N/A
Christine Donohue D Upcoming Contest: 2025 Retirement: 2027
David Wecht D Upcoming Contest: 2025 Retirement: 2037
Kevin Dougherty D Upcoming Contest: 2025 Retirement: 2037
Debra Todd D Upcoming Contest: 2027 Retirement: 2032
Sallie Mundy R Upcoming Contest: 2027 Retirement: 2037
Kevin Brobson R Upcoming Contest: 2031 Retirement: 2045
Term Length 10 years
Selection Method Partisan election
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment + 2/3 Senate approval + retention election in the next municipal election 10 months after appointment
Governor Party Democrat
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Rhode Island 5 Justices 2 3 Merit selection N/A
Justice Details
Paul Suttell R Upcoming Contest: Tenured Retirement: N/A
Maureen McKenna Goldberg R Upcoming Contest: Tenured Retirement: N/A
Erin Lynch Prata D Upcoming Contest: Tenured Retirement: N/A
William Robinson III R Upcoming Contest: Tenured Retirement: N/A
Melissa A. Long D Upcoming Contest: Tenured Retirement: N/A
Term Length Life years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + House and Senate approval
Retention Method N/A
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + House and Senate approval
Governor Party Democrat
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Democrat
State Senate Democrat
South Carolina 5 Justices 1 4 Legislative election 2023
Justice Details
Donald Beatty D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2024
John Kittredge R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2028
Kaye Hearn R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2023
John Cannon Few R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2035
George James Jr. R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: 2032
Term Length 10 years
Selection Method Legislative election
Retention Method Legislative re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Legislative electon
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
South Dakota 5 Justices 5 Merit selection 2024
Justice Details
Janine Kern R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2033
Steven Jensen R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2035
Mark Salter R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2039
Patricia DeVaney R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2039
Scott Myren R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2035
Term Length 8 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + retention election in the next general election 3 years after appointment
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Tennessee 5 Justices 1 4 Merit selection 2023
Justice Details
Sarah Campbell R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Sharon Lee D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2023
Jeff Bivins R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Holly Kirby R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Roger Page R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 8 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment + House and Senate confirmation
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Retention election
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Texas 9 Justices 0 9 Paritsan Election 2024
Justice Details
Nathan Hecht R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2024
Jimmy Blacklock R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2055
Debra Lehrmann R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2031
John Devine R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2033
Rebecca Aizpuru Huddle R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: ~2048
Jane Bland R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2040
Jeffrey Boyd R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2036
J. Brett Busby R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2048
Evan Young R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2052
Term Length 6 years
Selection Method Partisan election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment + senate confirmation + re-election in the next general election
Governor Party Republican
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House Republican
State Senate Republican
Utah 5 Justices 0 5 Merit selection 2024
Justice Details
Matthew Durrant R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2032
Jill Pohlman R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: Unknown
Diana Hagen R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2046
John Pearce R Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: 2044
Paige Petersen R Upcoming Contest: 2032 Retirement: 2047
Term Length 10 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + senate confirmation
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + retention election in the next general election at least 3 years after appointment
Governor Party R
Gubernatiorial Race 2024
State House R
State Senate R
Vermont 5 Justices 1 4 Merit selection 2023
Justice Details
Paul Reiber R Upcoming Contest: 2023 Retirement: 2037
Nancy Waples R Upcoming Contest: 2023 Retirement: ~2050
Harold Eaton Jr. D Upcoming Contest: 2023 Retirement: 2045
Karen Carroll R Upcoming Contest: 2023 Retirement: 2053
William Cohen R Upcoming Contest: 2023 Retirement: 2047
Term Length 6 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + senate confirmation
Retention Method Vote of general assembly
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + senate confirmation
Governor Party R
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House D
State Senate D
Virginia 7 Justices 2 5 Legislative election 2023
Justice Details
Donald Lemons R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2023
S. Bernard Goodwyn D Upcoming Contest: 2032 Retirement: 2035
Thomas P. Mann R Upcoming Contest: 2034 Retirement: Unknown
Cleo Powell D Upcoming Contest: 2023 Retirement: 2031
Denham Arthur Kelsey R Upcoming Contest: 2027 Retirement: 2035
Stephen McCullough R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2046
Teresa Chafin R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2029
Term Length 12 years
Selection Method Legislative election
Retention Method Legislative re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Legislative election
Governor Party R
Gubernatiorial Race 2025
State House R
State Senate D
Washington 9 Justices 9 Non-partisan election 2024
Justice Details
Mary Yu D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2032
Susan Owens D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2024
Raquel Montoya-Lewis D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2043
Charles Johnson D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2026
Barbara Madsen D Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2027
G. Helen Whitener D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: ~2039
Debra Stephens D Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: 2040
Steven Gonzalez D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2038
Sheryl McCloud D Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2030
Term Length 6 years
Selection Method Non-Partisan Election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial election + re-election in the next general election
Governor Party Democratic
Gubernatiorial Race 2024
State House Democratic
State Senate Democratic
West Virginia 5 Justices 1 4 Non-partisan election 2024
Justice Details
Beth Walker R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
William Woonton D Upcoming Contest: 2032 Retirement: N/A
Tim Armstead R Upcoming Contest: 2032 Retirement: N/A
Haley Bunn R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
John Hutchison R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 12 years
Selection Method Non-partisan election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations + re-election in the next general election
Governor Party R
Gubernatiorial Race 2024
State House R
State Senate R
Wisconsin 7 Justices 3 4 Non-partisan election 2023
Justice Details
Ann Walsh Bradley D Upcoming Contest: 2025 Retirement: N/A
Annette Ziefler R Upcoming Contest: 2027 Retirement: N/A
Jill Karofsky D Upcoming Contest: 2030 Retirement: N/A
Rebecca Bradley R Upcoming Contest: 2026 Retirement: N/A
Brian Hagedorn R Upcoming Contest: 2029 Retirement: N/A
Rebecca Dallet D Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: N/A
Patience Roggensack R Upcoming Contest: 2023 Retirement: N/A
Term Length 10 years
Selection Method Non-partisan election
Retention Method Re-election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment + spring election
Governor Party D
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House R
State Senate R
Wyoming 5 Justices 5 Merit selection 2024
Justice Details
John Fenn R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: ~2032
Kate Fox R Upcoming Contest: 2024 Retirement: 2025
Keith Kautz R Upcoming Contest: N/A Retirement: 2024
Lynne Boomgaarden R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2031
Kari Gray R Upcoming Contest: 2028 Retirement: 2030
Term Length 8 years
Selection Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission recommendations
Retention Method Retention election
Interim Vacancy Method Gubernatorial appointment from commission + first general election after appointment
Governor Party R
Gubernatiorial Race 2026
State House R
State Senate R

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    February 16, 2023 at 2 PM ET

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